Defending Wing-T Offense Part 2

This is the second post in a series about defending wing-t offense. This post isn't about defensive scheme. There are many schemes and concepts that can be used to defend any offense, a wing-t offense is no different. This post is focused on the thought process of developing a scouting report for the wing-t and teaching it to players regardless of defensive scheme. 

FORMATIONS
What formations are you likely to see when playing a wing-t offense? That is completely dependent on your opponent. Some wing-t teams use very traditional wing-t formations.

These three are very similar and are core formations in traditional wing-t schemes. All three present a balanced formation.

The offense can also choose to overload one side of the formation with the backfield or an unbalanced set.

Here the offense has the backfield overloaded to the wing side of the formation.

Here the offense has an unbalanced formation with the TE covered up by the SE.

Some wing-t schemes choose to spread out.

The offense can split a wing out in a receiver alignment to spread the defense. The player at the position may even have a hybrid RB/WR skill set.

Other offenses elect to spread out and use shotgun or pistol backfield sets while still running wing-t scheme.

Other wing-t schemes decide to condense the formations.

Here the offense has created a double wing formation by utilizing a 2nd TE.

The end results is a wing-t offense can have many different flavors. There are far too many wing-t formations and variants to break down each one in this article. If you have multiple wing-t teams on your schedule you may see a great deal of difference in formations between the two.

MOTIONS

Formations are not the only consideration when planning for a wing-t offense. The offense will also use motions, trades, and shifts. I'm going to us a very generalized terminology for naming these motions. As there no universal terminology, I don't want to get bogged down in specifically what I or someone else calls these concepts.

Fast

Here the offense is using a fast motion. This fast motion can be from a split out alignment, wing, or from the backfield. 

Deep

Here the back takes a deep action on the motion. This allows the back to be in position to catch a toss or get into pitch phase on option.

Insert

Insert motion starts deep initially. The motion back then stops and is able to insert as a blocker.

Rev

On Rev motion the back again starts deep then reverses course and comes back. Often wing-t teams are using this concept to get defense to over react to an initial deep motion action.

Shuffle

Here the offense starts the motion as a fast motion. Once the back crosses the center there is a transition from fast motion to a shoulders square shuffle. This motion is designed to quickly change a balanced formation to an overloaded one or vice versa. The motion player is primarily used as a blocker.

C.O.S. (Change of Strength)

This is a very traditional motion seen in almost any offense. The wing is motioning across the formation to be the #2 receiver to the new passing strength of the formation.

This list of examples does not cover all wing-t motions but is a general staring point. Again there many motions a wing-t can employ.

Wing-t teams also use trades and shifts. 

Trade

Here I am generally defining trade as any pre-snap change of alignment of a TE or a TE wing complex.

The offense traded the TE and the Wing from their initial alignment to create an unbalanced formation.

Shift

Shift generically refers to any pre-snap change of multiple offensive players. Here the offense is shifting both wings to alter the formation.

Wing-T teams have a huge number of formations and therefore also have many ways to trade and shift into them. Wing-T teams can also combine trades with shift or shift then motion to present a defense with a long list of looks.

Breaking Down a Wing-t Opponent
With the offense running a large number of formations and combining those formations with motions, trades, and shift there is a lot of information to digest. In the previous article on defending wing-t, I showed a simple breakdown diagrams of a wing-t formation.

Here are the same examples. And from this information you can see an overview of what the offense runs with no motion and what they run when either wing motions. If the offense is only running a few things it is easy to get a handle on what is happening. As a wing-t team add more formations, motions, trades, and shifts to their arsenal breaking down their scheme and game planning get more difficult. This is especially true later in the season and into the post-season when a wing-t team has their full playbook available. The other challenge is most wing-t teams run some new wrinkle each week. How do we plan for the new unknown element of their scheme?

When developing the scouting report the fundamental question arises: 

HOW DO WE MAKE SENSE OF ALL THIS BREAKDOWN DATA?

The scouting report can easily get confusing for the players. It probable makes sense to you and the other coaches on paper. It may not make sense to the players. There are many formations to identify. There are also multiple motions, trades, and shifts that further confuse the players eyes and identification. After all the old coaching adage, "It's not about what you know, it's about what they know." is true. How do we bottom line the scouting report for them? 

The answer for me comes from Tubby Raymond, the long time Delaware coach and wing-t innovator. In his book "Delaware Wing-T: An Order of Football", Coach Raymond has a chapter on attacking defenses. One of the concepts he discusses in the chapter is surfaces. He calls them flanks. Coach Raymond says there are four surfaces in the wing-t offense.

Tight End and Wing

Tight End and Diveman

Split End and Slot

Split End and Diveman

Coach Raymond also points out repeatedly the wing-t offense is a flow offense. From a defensive perspective there are only 2 flows. Flow toward me and flow away from me.

Using the information we can simplify everything for our players. If we look at every formation broken down by surfaces we can layer the tendencies into a composite by surface.

As an example here are four formations with a wing surface.

Those four can be layered into a composite of what they run to a wing surface.

Once we have made a composite for each surface an offense runs it is very simple to communicate to players what they are going to see if they have a specific surface aligned to them in the formation. Each surface has two critical pieces of information: 
What do they run with flow to the surface
What do they run with flow away from the surface. 

We are attempting to strip away all the confusion. The offense is going to align in a formation with one of the composite surfaces and we know what they run to that surface. After they trade or shift they will create one of the surfaces we know. The motion represents flow toward or away from you. Once you strip away all the "eye wash" of multiple formations, motions, shifts, and trades wing-t offenses have strong tendencies. The offense may run formations, motions, trades and shifts in our game we have never seen on film but it is unlikely they will have new surfaces. The surface tells us what is going to be run. To quote Denny Green, "THEY ARE WHO WE THOUGHT THEY WERE."

Choir Practice
We will use a drill every day in pre-practice to get us prepared for a wing-t team. This drill is built off the eye chart concept and is called choir practice.

The eye chart is discussed in the previous article.

In choir practice we align the formations against the defense. Coaches stand in their quadrant. The players in their quadrant yell out the name of the surface and what they expect to see run to that surface. Coaches are making sure players have the correct identifications. We start simple with formations then add motions, trades, and shifts. As everything is moving the players continue to yell out what they expect to see based on the new surface they are seeing. Choir Practice gets the players and coaches ready for what will happen in the practice and eventually the game. Choir practice ties in with a core philosophy of our defense. "Good defenses react, great defenses anticipate."

Defending Wing-T Offense Part 1

This is the first post in a series about defending Wing-T offense. There are no absolute definitions in football and the answers to what is a wing-t offense vary. This series will NOT cover every element of every wing-t scheme everywhere. With that said, this first post is about knowing your enemy. To stop the wing-t, it is important to understand a wing-t offense’s philosophy. 

Much of this post is based on concepts from the book “The Delaware Wing-T: An Order of Football” by Tubby Raymond and Ted Kempski.  Countless football coaches have been influenced by this book. The book covers the history and evolution of the offense.  The chapter on coaching psychology applies to coaches of offense, defense, or special teams. Coach Raymond covers the offense’s philosophy, organization, communication, naming structure, play calling, position coaching for all positions, installation, teaching progression, practice planning, and of course the plays.  It is a comprehensive how to manual for running the Delaware Wing-T offense. Other topics covered include identifying and attacking defenses. The impact of this book is far greater than simply the wing-t scheme. Many of the coaching concepts apply to any offensive system. I believe this book is a must read for any football coach. The book was published in 1986 and is still impacting coaches today, including Gus Malzahn at Auburn. While Coach Malzahn does not run a dedicated wing-t scheme you can see traditional wing-t formations, motions, and plays that are staples in his Tiger offense.  For more info on Coach Malzahn’s wing-t roots check out a very interesting article from Chris Brown (here). 

Basics of the Wing-T

The wing-t is a multiple formation, multiple back, ball control offense. The scheme is focused on running the ball and creates a run/pass balance with mostly play action passes. While a running offense, the wing-t wants to present three or more immediate vertical pass threats. Here are two common wing-t formations.

Having three or more pass threats differentiates the wing-t from traditional three back backfield concepts like the T or Wishbone which only present two immediate pass threats.

 “In spite of its dependence on the running game, it is, paradoxically, initially dependent on the threat of a passing game.” - Tubby Raymond

Conceptually this thought process is no different from spread offenses.  Many spread teams align spread to RUN the ball. Spread teams present the defense with a formation that forces horizontal stretch and threatens vertical pass to create space to run the ball. 

Both the wing-t and spread offenses are trying to prevent the defense from loading the box with defenders and playing aggressively to stop the run by aligning immediate pass threats at the line of scrimmage. There by creating run/pass and leverage conflicts for defenders.

Wing-T formations also affect the width of the defensive front’s alignment. If the defense aligns inside, the offense has excellent angles to block down. 

Here the defense has aligned the DE inside leverage on the TE. The TE and Wing have excellent angles to down block and the offense can attack the outside of the defense. 

If the defense widens to the formation, the offense has space to run inside or off-tackle. 

Here the defense widened the DE to the Wing. This extra width helps the offense set up the kick out block by the guard on the DE. The Wing can step to the the DE and influence the DE to put hands on the immediate block. The Wing then releases to block the second level and the guard pulls to kick out the DE. 

In the Wing-T extra blockers are aligned at or near the line of scrimmage. The offense can use them to block immediately.  This allows the offense to threaten out leveraging the defense. 

On runs to the tight end the wing can help the offense quickly secure the edge.

On runs to the split end the back can be offset in the backfield or aligned in a wing alignment off of the tackle. In either alignment the the offense has a blocker who again can quickly secure the edge.

When you compare the wing-t to common two back run games you see a similar threat found in H-Back or offset FB offenses with one major difference. 

Here is a standard two back pistol formation using an H back aligned on the hip of the OT. The H back is assigned to kick out the DE on power. The DE has significantly less time to react to the H back's block compared to the same play run from the I formation.

An offset fullback serves the same function as an H back.

Here the offense is running outside zone with an offset FB. The FB is able to attack the edge of the offense much quicker than the same play from an I alignment.

If these plays attack faster with an H back or offset FB why run them from the I? The easy answer is the offense can run the play both directions from the I and can only run it one direction with an H back or offset FB. This is a challenge two back running attacks have always faced. Be able to attack both sides or attack more quickly is a choice that must be made. At the core of the Wing-T offense's philosophy is the ability to have these quick blocking threats on BOTH edges so the offense can run either direction. Dealing with quick blocking threats on both edges is a major difference between defending Wing-t and defending two back running schemes.

The formations also allow the offense to quickly motion and attack with the extra motion player to the opposite side of the formation. 

Here the offense motions the left back and runs buck sweep to the TE side.

Here the offense motions the right back and runs belly option to the SE side.

Most Wing-T offenses use formations with a fullback. The FB presents an immediate running threat to attack the middle of the formation, over both guards, or off either tackle. 

By aligning the FB behind the center, the offense can use the FB in the run to either side of the formation as a ball carrier or blocker. Coach Raymond compares the FB’s ability to attack either side of the formation to an I formation. The FB in the wing-t can fill the role of an I formation fullback or I tailback.

The FB is also aligned to become a pass threat to either side of the formation.

Additionally, the FB is aligned with the ability to block on counter by replacing pulling offensive linemen.

Here the FB is replacing the pulling OT on a counter play. The FB's block is critical to securing the backside edge of the play.

The FB is a versatile player in a wing-t scheme as are both wingbacks. A fundamental tenant of the wing-t is all three running backs can be used as blockers, ball carriers, receivers, and decoys. 

The wing-t can be considered a FOUR back offense. Coach Raymond references the offense’s origin as being a combination of Fritz Crisler’s Michigan single wing, Red Blaik’s trap schemes from Army, and Dave Nelson QB bootleg plays fused into one cohesive scheme. The QB is the 4^th back in the attack and can threaten the edges of the defense on every play. The QB is a threat to run option, bootleg, or keep pass.

Simplicity Up Front
What makes wing-t offenses multiple yet simple is the limited number of blocking schemes used. The offense uses multiple formations, motions, and backfield actions to create confusion. Meanwhile the OL are blocking only a couple of different concepts. The result is what looks like a great deal of complexity while being simple for the OL. Many of the blocking schemes are interrelated. This creates the illusion to the defense that the same play is being run while the offense is running different backfield actions to attack different areas of the defense.

Flow, Motion, and Misdirection

The Wing-T is a flow offense. On any snap the offense presents multiple threats to carry the ball (4 back offense). The flow of the play goes to one side of the formation. Off that flow the offense has plays that attack inside, off-tackle, outside, or away from the flow.

Motion is used to add to the flow created by the offense. Putting a player in motion attracts the eyes of a defense and can influence their reactions. Motion also increases the speed of the flow. Lastly, motion can change the numbers in the offense's favor at the point of attack.

Misdirection is built into the offense to add complimentary plays off of every flow.  Motion can cause the defense to speed up and over react to the flow which consequently improves the effectiveness of misdirection plays.

Wing-t schemes are looking to attack in three areas:

Inside
Plays that attack inside are broken up into two categories: direct shot and counter. This allows the offense to hand the ball and attack in the inside immediately (direct shot) or attack the inside of the formation opposite the flow (counter).

Off-Tackle
Off-tackle plays can be run either to the TE or to the SE side. While these may be the same plays most wing-t offenses have plays they favor to a TE and those they prefer to the SE or open side. The scheme also includes misdirection plays that attack the off-tackle area opposite the flow.

Outside
The runs to the outside are either blocked or optioned. The blocked plays use the leverage of the immediate blocking threats to secure the edge. The option plays leave players on the edge unblocked to be read. The offense has the ability to attack the outside opposite the flow with bootleg plays that create a run/pass option for the QB away from the flow. Or the offense can attack to the flow with the QB on a keep pass to create a run/pass option to the flow.

Specific plays in the wing-t scheme will be covered in a later post. What is important is the fact the wing-t is a system. Within that system plays are grouped together that attack different areas.

SERIES FOOTBALL

“It may be best described as sequence football. This should not imply that every play is run in order, but that the offense is run in series where several points are threatened as the ball is snapped.” - Tubby Raymond

The wing-t philosophy is to group plays into series of plays that compliment one another. These plays are run from the same backfield actions. Here is an example of a belly series.

The offense can motion the right wing and attack off tackle with the FB running belly.

Off the same initial backfield action the offense can attack inside with a counter to the left wing.

Again the same initial backfield action with a belly option attacking the outside.

Finally the offense has a play action pass off the same initial backfield action. The pass attacks the flat defender and creates a run/pass option for the QB. While the version of wing-t you are planning to defend may run different plays and different series, it is important to understand wing-t offense is a series offense. 

"The series are designed to place as many conflicts on the defense as possible and are directed at men who have dual defensive assignments. The blocking style is designed so that as a defensive man reacts to the blocking in his area to stop a particular threat, he will be placing himself in jeopardy for a companion play." - Tubby Raymond

Identifying what series of plays the offense groups together is critical for the defense. By identifying the series of plays the offense is likely to run the defense can anticipate what plays are coming. 

Game Planning a Wing-T Offense by Identifying Series
After breaking down the film our next step is to create profile of the offense by formation and motion.

The starting point is the base formation. How will we line up to the formation? What do they run with no motion?

Next we look at the motion from that formation. Here is fly motion by the wing to the SE side of the formation. The SE side perimeter defenders must be ready to stop sweep. The TE side defenders must be ready for hand to hand counter coming back on motion away. 

On fly motion by the wing toward the TE, the DE and LB to the TE must be ready for G Belly. The perimeter support to the TE must be ready for sweep. Away from the motion must be ready for boot. Now we have a starting point for what series of plays the offense like to call based off backfield actions.

Bottom line:
Interior DL ready for trap and wham blocks
DE&LB to TE ready for g-belly
DE&LB to SE ready for lead block by FB
Perimeter to TE ready for sweep/Motion away ready for hand to hand counter
Perimeter to SE ready for sweep/ Motion away ready for boot 

By breaking down every formation and motion we can start to build a plan. The formation is where we are going to line up. The motions are the indicators of what our defenders need to anticipate will happen next. The formation/motion diagrams is the starting point for understanding the offense's series and starting to establish our plan.

Game Day Eye Chart
Understanding a wing-t offense's series also informs our game day coaching procedure. In game every coach has an area he is assigned to watch. Four specific areas are assigned:

The coaches on the field watch the half of the formation closest to our sideline. That is the area they have the best view to see. One coach is assigned to watch the core (Area 1). A second coach watches the near side secondary (Area 2). The far side of the formation is the responsibility of the coaches in the box. Their vantage point from the box allows them to see the area on the far side of the field much better than the coaches on the field. One coach watches the far core (Area 3) and one watches the far side secondary (Area 4). Other coaches will be assigned other things to watch but the 4 coaches with areas to watch in the eye chart MUST see what happens in those 4 areas. By assigning this eye chart we avoid the dreaded "I wasn't watching that..." scenario. Each area coach knows what is likely to happen in their area based on scouting report and game plan. If our reaction to the series is incorrect the area coach watching the area where a mistake occurred should know. If the series isn't what we thought based on scouting report we will know based on what the 4 area coaches are seeing. This allows us to begin to alter the plan and communicate to the players.

Understanding series football is critical to our game planning and in game coaching against a wing-t offense. Future posts on defending wing-t will look at common wing-t formations, motions, and plays. Strategies for defensive alignment, assignment, keys, run fits, run support, and coverages with be covered as well.